Re-CAC: A Re-Engineered Call Admission Control for LTE Downlink Networks Using Stepwise Bandwidth Degradation Concept
1
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
Udora Nwawelu
2
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
3
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
4
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
5
(
Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
)
6
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
7
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
8
(
University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
)
Keywords: Call Admission Control, Long Term Evolution, Bandwidth Degradation, QoS, RT and NRT Calls,
Abstract :
This work presents a Re-engineered Call Admission Control (Re-CAC) scheme for long term evolution (LTE) downlink networks. The scheme is timely as communication networks become increasingly heterogeneous with ever increasing number of subscribers with different Quality of Service (QoS) requests. Bandwidth degradation is an effective concept that some Call Admission Control (CAC) schemes have employed to provide an improved QoS to the admitted RT calls. However, it has led to noticeable resource wastage due to inappropriate degradation method employed. As promising panacea, stepwise bandwidth degradation is employed in this work. This contribution allows sequential bandwidth degradation in stepwise manner. The work demonstrated through extensive simulations in MATLAB the effectiveness of the proposed concept on the basis of throughput, call blocking probability (CBP), call dropping probability (CDP), and spectral efficiency metrics. The results show that Re-CAC scheme achieved an average throughput of 0.1657 Mbps and 0.0932 Mbps of RT and NRT calls, respectively; 0.0837 and 0.0650 CBP of RT and NRT calls, correspondingly; respective 0.0733 and 0.0763 CDP of RT and NRT calls; and spectral efficiency of 0.0331 bps/Hz and 0.0191 bps/Hz of RT and NRT calls, respectively. The Re-CAC scheme is benchmarked with quality of service-aware CAC (QA-CAC), adaptive CAC (ACAC), and enhanced adaptive CAC (EA-CAC) schemes. The superiority of Re-CAC scheme over the benchmark CAC schemes in handling RT services is demonstrated and this was achieved without sacrificing the performance of NRT calls
[1] M. Mamman, Z. M. Hanapi, A. Abdullah and A. Muhammed “An Adaptive Call Admission Control with Bandwidth Reservation for Downlink LTE Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 10986–10994, 2017, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2713451.
[2] U. N. Nwawelu and C. I. Ani, “Improving Exp-Rule Scheduler for Real Time Services in LTE Downlink Networks,” vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 7398–7406, 2020.
[3] M. A. Akajewole and D. U. Onyishi, “A Reliable Downlink MIMO Algorithm for Mitigating the Effect of User Equipment Mobility in Multi-User MIMO in Fifth-Generation and Beyond Networks” Nigerian Journal of Technology, vol. 43, no. 2, pp.328 – 337, 2024.
[4] Navita and Amandeep, “Performance Analysis of OFDMA, MIMO, and SC-FDMA Technology in 4G LTE networks” 6th International Conference – Cloud System and Big Data Engineering, Noida, India, pp. 554-558, 2016, doi: 10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2016.7508181
[5] J. Zyren, “Overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution Physical Layer,” 2007.
[6] C. O. Nnamani, C. L. Anioke, and C. Ikechukwu, “Improved MLWDF Scheduler for LTE Downlink Transmission,” International Journal of Electronics, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 1857 – 1867, 2016, doi: 10.1080/00207217.2016.1138536.
[7] C. Wu, W. Xu, “Key Technologies in 4G/LTE Network. Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks” Springer, Cham, pp. 695 – 698, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78262-1_86.
[8] O. Liberg, M. Sundberg, Y. P. Eric Wang, J. Bergman, J. Sachs, G. Wikstrom, Cellular Internet of Things (Second Edition), Academic Press, ScienceDirect, pp. 155 – 254, 2020
[9] G. O. Ugwu, U. N. Nwawelu, M. A. Ahaneku, and C. I. Ani, “Effect of service differentiation on QoS in IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access: a simulation approach,” Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s44147-021-00055-3.
[10] B. A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 4th Edition, New York, 2007.
[11] M. M. Umar, A. Mohammed, A. Roko, A. Y. Tambuwal and A. Abdulazeez, “QoS-Aware Call Admission Control (QA-CAC) Scheme for LTE Networks,” 15th International Conference on Electronics, Computer and Computation, Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 1 -5, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICECCO48375.2019.9043228
[12] M. M. Umar, A. Mohammed, A. Roko, A. Y. Tambuwal, and A. Abdulazeez, “Enhanced adaptive call admission control scheme with bandwidth reservation for LTE networks,” International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 23–42, 2021, doi: 10.4018/IJMCMC.2021010102.
[13] K. B. Ali, M. S. Obaidat, F. Zarai, L. Kamoun “Markov Model-based Adaptive CAC Scheme for 3GPP LTE Femtocell Networks,” IEEE ICC- Communications Software, Services and Multimedia Applications Symposium, pp. 6924 – 6928, 2015.
[14] R. Khdhir, K. Mnif, A. Belghith and L. Kamoun “An Efficient Call Admission Control Scheme for LTE and LTE-A Networks,” International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, Yasmine, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 1–5, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ISNCC.7746068
[15] E. E. Ekechukwu, O. C. Nosiri, M. I. Ajumuka, “Efficient Call Admission Control Algorithm for Mobility Management in LTE Networks,” International Journal of Networks and Communications, 2022, 12(1), 28-38.
[16] M. Maharazu, M. H. Zurina, A. Azizol and M. Abdullah, “Call Admission Control for Real-Time and Non-real-time traffic for Vehicular LTE downlink networks,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 425, pp. 46-53, 2018.
[17] D. Pratiwi and I. J. Matheus Edward, “Analysis Efficiency Network Performance of 4G LTE in Video Conference Application,” 16th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications (TSSA), Lombok, Indonesia, pp. 1 – 6, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TSSA56819.2022.10063921
[18] S. Tabbane, “LTE Planning and Dimensioning” ITU PITA Workshop on Mobile Network Planning and Security, Nadi, Fiji Islands, 23-25 October 2019.